The Morin Khurr also known as a horse headed fiddle, a traditional Mongolian instrument, making the festival a rich celebration of national heritage.
Naadam dates back to the time of Chinggis Khan, when Mongolian clans scattered across the steppe gathered each summer to discuss important matters for their land and people. Over time, these gatherings evolved into militaristic contests where nomadic rulers tested warriors’ strength, horses’ speed and archers’ skill, serving as both training and celebration. Because Chinggis Khan once ruled the largest continuous land empire in history, it makes sense that such a powerful warrior culture would develop and preserve these traditions as a source of pride. Today, Mongolians’ strong sense of national identity helps ensure that Naadam will continue as long as there is a Mongolian people.
The Naadam tradition is closely tied to life on the Mongolian steppe, because the games come directly from the skills needed to survive as nomads in this harsh environment. The three main events, wrestling, horse racing and archery, mirror the abilities required for both survival and warfare on the open grasslands. Naadam is held in summer because travel is easiest and the pastures are green and full, making it the best time for people and animals to gather. The rituals stress respect for nature and treat the steppe as a sacred, life-giving landscape, while also providing the one time each year when scattered nomadic families can reunite.
