Timorese culture is a collectivist culture, meaning it places a lot of importance on the group and less importance on the individual and what they want.
In the past, East Timor was an island with many warring local groups each with their own king or Liurai. These groups were often fighting amongst each other and the traditions that continue today were borne out of necessity due to that fighting.
When I arrived in Timor, then at my home in Maubara, I participated in several welcoming ceremonies. When guests arrive, there are three main ways of welcoming them that the Timorese might use.
The first way guests are welcomed, which is common in more informal situations is by offering them refreshments. Timorese should always provide guests (whether they are wanted or not) with coffee or tea and something called "mama malus." "Mama malus" which is often just called "mama" is the practice of chewing a dried betel nut along with a leaf and limestone powder. The betel nut turns the chewer's mouth bright red and gives them a head-rush-like feeling. Chewing betel nuts together is a symbol of friendship and good intentions between two people.
The second way Timorese welcome guests which is common for more important events is through presenting them with a Tais.
