Really, the main language here is Castellano, the official Spanish language. This is a very international city, however, so you will hear English, French, Chinese and African tongues as well. I think English is probably the second most spoken, followed by either Chinese or African languages.
We use the Euro here!
It depends on where you go. If you're in the richer parts of town, or next to a tourist trap, the 1.5-liter bottles will cost 1.5 euros (2 dollars). If you're in a supermarket in a more normal part of town, the price will drop to 0.5 euros, a much more affordable price.
I think the best meal I had was a spontaneous one with my roommates. My friend Antonio made a homecooked Spanish meal of eggs, green beans and onions, while I fried up some American burgers for my roomies! Antonio is generally considered the best cook of the house, but he gave my burgers the approval. Although to be fair, I enjoyed his dish more than mine. It was a joy to share some real American cooking with my flatmates. They're all European and really only know burgers from Wendy's or McDonalds.